How to Identify Hashes

Some hashes are obvious but even then, it’s a good job to check. There are a few ways to check a hash outside of manual validation.

Using the Hashcat example list:

https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=example_hashes

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Using hash-identifier:

https://github.com/blackploit/hash-identifier

Using cyberchef Analyse hash:

https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/#recipe=Analyse_hash()

Background pattern

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Using hash-id:

https://github.com/psypanda/hashID

Using HashTag:

https://github.com/SmeegeSec/HashTag

As you can see there are range of tools available to you, and remember if you want to keep the hashes to yourself you can download Cyberchef and run it locally!

Redirecting Traffic with SOCAT

Ever wanted to run honeypots all over the world but don’t want to deploy actual servers, or psudo servers everywhere? Ever wanted to run a C2 server but don’t want to expose your own IP and want a pool of redirectors? Well here’s a quick look at using SOCAT to forward HTTPS traffic from a VPS to a backend web server.

Process

Create a linux virtual machine in a cloud services provider: Read more “Redirecting Traffic with SOCAT”

Would you know if these remote access tools were…

Introduction

Remote management and monitoring (RMM) and other remote access solutions are fantastic for enabling remote support of environments. Like most things in life though the intent of the user changes the tool from a force for good to a weapon of evil (I hate the use of the word weapon with software but it’s a blog so I’ll self-cringe).

Kill Chain Summary

The kill chain in the attack outlind by sophos isn’t one that you will be suprised at:

  • Initial access was via a known software vulnerability (unpatched Exchange server)
  • The attackers dropped a web shell
  • The attackers had SYSTEM level access
  • The attackers dumped memory to obtain hashes
  • The hashes were cracked (they escalated to domain admin)
  • 7 (yes seven!) backdoors were implaneted into the target network (hence this blog post)
  • Lateral movement was made to domain controllers
  • Large volumes of data were exfiltrated
  • The rest of the environment was then pwn3d

What might shock you more is the speed at which this was conducted. It’s not months or weeks, it’s hours and days (see the Sophos blog for more details!)

Conti Actors Remote Access Toolkits

Remote access tools being abused isn’t a new thing but following a great writeup (https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2021/09/03/conti-affiliates-use-proxyshell-exchange-exploit-in-ransomware-attacks/?cmp=30728) of a Conti kill chain from Sophos Labs I figured I’d try and raise more awareness of some of the threats that organisations face, and the reality that defending against all threats is actually quite difficult for a lot of organisations (hell it’s technically not simply for anyone!) Read more “Would you know if these remote access tools were being used in your network environment?”

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Decoding Powershell Base64 Encoded commands in CyberChef

Firstly, you need some Powershell Base64 commands, you could search your security logs or Sysmon logs for these, or simply generate some yourself!

powershell.exe -noprofile -ExecutionPolicy UnRestricted -EncodedCommand bgBlAHQAIAB1AHMAZQByACAAcwBlAGMAYQB1AGQAaQB0ACAAUABAADUANQB3ADAAcgBkADEAMgAzACEAIAAvAEEARABEADsAbgBlAHQAIAB1AHMAZQByACAAcwBlAGMAYQB1AGQAaQB0ACAALwBhAGMAdABpAHYAZQA6AHkAZQBzADsAbgBlAHQAIABsAG8AYwBhAGwAZwByAG8AdQBwACAAYQBkAG0AaQBuAGkAcwB0AHIAYQB0AG8AcgBzACAALwBhAGQAZAAgAHMAZQBjAGEAdQBkAGkAdAA=

Next, we head over to Cyber Chef!

https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/

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Now we copy the base64 component to the INPUT window:

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We add the “From Base64” operation into our RECIPE! Read more “Decoding Powershell Base64 Encoded commands in CyberChef”

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Infection Monkey Overview

Have you ever wanted to see what would occur in an environment if a worm was a make its way in? I often work with customers to show them about lateral movement from a human operated perspective however sometimes it’s useful for people to visualise this better and to demonstrate what could occur if a worm was set loose. A great tool to help with this is Infection Monkey from Guardicore (https://www.guardicore.com/

High Level View

The process steps are as follows:

  • Scope Exercise
  • Prepare Environment
  • Deploy Infection Monkey Server (Monkey Island)
    • Configure Server Credentials
  • Monkey Configuration
  • Release Monkey/s
  • Review
  • Report

Read more “Infection Monkey Overview”

Windows 11 Privilege Escalation via UAC Bypass (GUI based)

Introduction

Ok these are a really simple UAC bypass from a userland GUI perspective. This is about increasing process integrity levels – it’s not about performing LPE from low integrity to high/SYSTEM with no interaction. These clearly work in older version of Windows as well but since Windows 11 will be the current version in the near future I thought it was fun to re-visit these!

And just to be clear, a medium integrity process as an administrator user will have the following privileges:

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What we are talking about here is to move to a high integrity process without knowing credentials or having the secure desktop launch. Read more “Windows 11 Privilege Escalation via UAC Bypass (GUI based)”

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Razer Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

“And I looked and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him.”

Firstly, Kudos to @j0nh4t for finding this!

I woke up this morning to see twitter fun with a LPE discovered in the Razer driver installation. Basically, when you plug a Razer mouse into a Windows machine, it will download (via windows update) and execute a process as system which has user interaction. This interface includes an install path selector, with this a right click + SHIFT (LULZ) on whitespace will allow you to launch a command prompt/PowerShell window (as SYSTEM).

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Description automatically generated Read more “Razer Privilege Escalation Vulnerability”